My current charger is broken, but I found another charger which kind of fits, but im suspicious if it will harm my laptops battery in the long run, what commands can I run or what can I look at to see if a new type of charger is harming a laptops battery? as this isnt usb-c or anything really official.
I wouldn’t worry about the battery. Any potential harm comes in before it gets to the battery, and there’s likely a DC-DC converter before that anyway.
The first thing to validate is the listed specs. If your laptop expects 12v (usually listed on a sticker on the device), don’t connect a 19v brick. Same for center-positive/center-negative. USB-C bypasses all of that, since it negotiates a matching spec before charging.
The second thing is how well it adheres to the specs it lists. This isn’t something that you can really test yourself. It would require a lot of specialized equipment and skills, since the answer can change in different circumstances. It might work fine for a while, but eventually deliver rich, chunky volts. This will (likely) fry the motherboard, and maybe more than that. USB-C does NOT bypass this. Some of the worst chargers on the market are USB-C.
The only realistic way to avoid the second is to get a quality charger from a trustworthy source. Many will only recommend OEM, but you also have to be careful about counterfeits on eBay or scAmazon. You can use aftermarket, but only if it’s a trustworthy brand like Anker.
“back in the day” we had a Windows ME laptop (that should tell you the day pretty accurately) - it worked great for about a year, battery was strong, until… we added a PCMCIA slot WiFi card, because: WiFi. Welp, super cool to be able to roam around the house wireless on that WiFi card, for about a week before it bricked the battery. Seems that the battery maintenance algorithms weren’t tuned to play nice with the (rather significant) power draw of that 1st gen WiFi card. So, instead of just needing a network cable, then we just needed a power cable (and insulation to keep the thing from burning our lap).