In the 21st century, Presidential systems seem to be uniquely vulnerable to fascist politics. Not just Trump, but also Bolsonaro, Bukele, and the Chilean and now the Colombian examples as well. Parliamentary systems are of course not immune (cf Meloni and Orban) but they seem to be more resilient. At the same time, eg. in Turkey, the move towards authoritarianism seems to also be coupled with a move towards more and more presidential models. It seems fascists love the kinds of institutional shortcuts that strong executives can take.
In the 21st century, Presidential systems seem to be uniquely vulnerable to fascist politics. Not just Trump, but also Bolsonaro, Bukele, and the Chilean and now the Colombian examples as well. Parliamentary systems are of course not immune (cf Meloni and Orban) but they seem to be more resilient. At the same time, eg. in Turkey, the move towards authoritarianism seems to also be coupled with a move towards more and more presidential models. It seems fascists love the kinds of institutional shortcuts that strong executives can take.